Grade 10 : Science - 13. Environment (Set 3)

Question 1

In a terrestrial grassland ecosystem, autotrophs capture solar radiation falling on their leaves and convert it into chemical food energy.

If the total sunlight incident on the green plants of a prairie ecosystem is $500{,}000 ext{ J}$, how much energy is converted into organic matter by the producers?

Accepted Answer

B) $5{,}000	ext{ J}$

Answer

A) 500 J

Answer

C) $50{,}000	ext{ J}$

Answer

D) 50 J

Question 2

Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Small Fish → Large Predatory Fish

If the autotrophic phytoplankton community stores $40{,}000 ext{ kJ}$of energy, how much energy reaches the large predatory fish according to Lindeman's 10% law?

Accepted Answer

C) 40 kJ

Answer

A) 400 kJ

Answer

B) 4 kJ

Answer

D) $4{,}000	ext{ kJ}$

Question 3

Statement I: The flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional.
Statement II: Energy captured by autotrophs reverts back to solar input once organisms decompose.

Which of the following evaluations of the statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false.

Answer

B) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

Answer

C) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true.

Answer

D) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.

Question 4

A freshwater aquatic food chain is exposed to run-off containing a persistent, non-biodegradable synthetic pesticide.

In which of the following organisms will the pesticide exhibit the highest concentration per unit body mass?

Accepted Answer

D) Fish-eating osprey (top carnivore)

Answer

A) Water weeds (Hydrilla)

Answer

B) Herbivorous tadpoles

Answer

C) Carnivorous diving beetles

Question 5

In an abandoned agricultural field, a student measures the dry biomass of various trophic levels to examine the pyramid of biomass.

Which of the following organisms represents the second trophic level ($T_2$) in a typical grassland ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

B) Grasshopper

Answer

A) Cyanobacteria

Answer

C) Frog

Answer

D) Hawk

Question 6

$$ ext{O}_2 \xrightarrow{ ext{UV}} ext{O} + ext{O}$$
$$ ext{O} + ext{O}_2 ightarrow ext{X}$$

What is compound $ ext{X}$, and in which atmospheric layer is its shield primarily formed?

Accepted Answer

C) Ozone, Stratosphere

Answer

A) Peroxide, Troposphere

Answer

B) Ozone, Mesosphere

Answer

D) Oxygen radical, Ionosphere

Question 7

A municipal corporation is assessing different synthetic polymers and natural materials for waste classification.

Which set contains ONLY biodegradable waste substances?

Accepted Answer

A) Cattle dung, sugarcane bagasse, cotton rags

Answer

B) Polythene bags, tomato peels, discarded tea leaves

Answer

C) Baked clay kulhads, PVC pipes, fruit rinds

Answer

D) Woolen yarn, glass ampoules, stale bread

Question 8

Consider a four-tier terrestrial chain: Corn → Mouse → Rat Snake → Eagle.

If the Eagle requires 12 Jof energy to sustain its metabolic requirements, what is the minimum energy that must be produced by the Corn crops?

Accepted Answer

D) $12{,}000	ext{ J}$

Answer

A) 120 J

Answer

B) $1{,}200	ext{ J}$

Answer

C) $6{,}000	ext{ J}$

Question 9

In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) succeeded in forging an international accord to freeze and phase out the production of certain industrial compounds.

Which family of synthetic compounds was primarily targeted by this Montreal Protocol agreement?

Accepted Answer

C) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Answer

A) Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)

Answer

B) Polyvinyl Chlorides (PVC)

Answer

D) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Question 10

Trophic Level	Organisms	Average Energy Content
Level 1	Algae	$80{,}000 ext{ kcal}$
Level 2	Daphnia	$E_2$
Level 3	Minnows	$E_3$
Level 4	Trout	$E_4$

Assuming strict adherence to Lindeman's 10% trophic efficiency, what is the value of $(E_2 - E_4)$?

Accepted Answer

B) $7{,}920	ext{ kcal}$

Answer

A) $7{,}200	ext{ kcal}$

Answer

C) $8{,}000	ext{ kcal}$

Answer

D) 792 kcal

Question 11

A biology student removes all decomposers (bacteria and fungi) from an isolated artificial closed terrarium containing soil, plants, and small snails.

What will be the most immediate long-term consequence on the terrarium ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) Mineral nutrient recycling halts, leading to soil exhaustion and plant death.

Answer

B) Plants absorb solar energy at double the rate.

Answer

C) Herbivore population proliferates exponentially without disease.

Answer

D) Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration drops instantly to absolute zero.

Question 12

In food web diagrams, multiple food chains interlink to form complex meshes rather than rigid linear tracks.

Why do food chains in nature seldom consist of more than four to five trophic levels?

Accepted Answer

D) The loss of energy at each transfer leaves negligibly small energy to sustain viable populations beyond that level.

Answer

A) Higher-order carnivores are physically incapable of hunting.

Answer

B) Decomposers consume the organisms before a fifth tier can form.

Answer

C) Top predators produce fewer gametes due to thermal mutations.

Question 13

Statement A: Disposable plastic cups were replaced by earthen kulhads on Indian trains to prevent plastic waste.
Statement B: Large-scale use of earthen kulhads resulted in extensive stripping of fertile agricultural topsoil.

Which of the following assessments regarding Statements A and B is correct?

Accepted Answer

C) Both Statement A and Statement B are correct historical facts.

Answer

A) Statement A is correct; Statement B is incorrect.

Answer

B) Statement A is incorrect; Statement B is correct.

Answer

D) Both Statement A and Statement B are completely incorrect.

Question 14

An ecologist notes the following trophic chain in a forest sanctuary: Oak Tree → Caterpillars → Blue Jays → Cooper's Hawk.

Which group represents the secondary consumers ($T_3$)?

Accepted Answer

B) Blue Jays

Answer

A) Caterpillars

Answer

C) Oak Tree

Answer

D) Cooper's Hawk

Question 15

$$\begin{array}{rcl} ext{Total solar energy falling on forest canopy} &=& 2{,}500{,}000 ext{ kJ}\ ext{Gross producer efficiency} &=& 1\%\ ext{Primary consumer transfer rate} &=& 10\%\end{array}$$

What is the total energy successfully assimilated into the primary consumers' biomass?

Accepted Answer

A) $2{,}500	ext{ kJ}$

Answer

B) $25{,}000	ext{ kJ}$

Answer

C) 250 kJ

Answer

D) $250{,}000	ext{ kJ}$

Question 16

Human activities introduce high levels of synthetic detergents and nitrates into an enclosed freshwater pond.

Which abiotic or biotic component is primarily responsible for triggering excessive algal bloom followed by oxygen depletion?

Accepted Answer

D) Excess inorganic nutrient run-off (nitrogen and phosphorus)

Answer

A) Parasitic protozoa

Answer

B) Atmospheric carbon monoxide

Answer

C) Ultraviolet-A radiation

Question 17

The ozone layer absorbs high-energy UV radiation from solar rays, shielding life on Earth from severe cellular damage.

Which type of ultraviolet radiation has sufficient photon energy to split diatomic oxygen into atomic free radicals in the stratosphere?

Accepted Answer

B) High-energy Ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Answer

A) Infrared radiation

Answer

C) Visible blue-violet light

Answer

D) Microwave emissions

Question 18

An artificial ecosystem requires periodic human maintenance and intervention, unlike self-sustaining natural biomes.

Which of the following is categorized as an artificial (man-made) ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

C) Crop field

Answer

A) Mangrove marsh

Answer

B) Deep ocean hydrothermal vent

Answer

D) Alpine forest

Question 19

A four-level trophic pyramid: Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Herring → Seal.

If the toxic pesticide concentration in Phytoplankton is measured at 0.04 ppm, what would be the expected concentration in Seals if each successive level magnifies the concentration by a factor of 10?

Accepted Answer

A) 40 ppm

Answer

B) 4 ppm

Answer

C) 0.4 ppm

Answer

D) 400 ppm

Question 20

A community conducts a waste management survey and separates refuse into compostable and non-compostable bins.

Why are enzymes incapable of breaking down plastics such as polyethylene?

Accepted Answer

D) Enzymes are substrate-specific and microorganisms lack catalytic enzymes evolved to cleave synthetic carbon-carbon polymer chains.

Answer

A) Plastics contain excess moisture that denatures microbial enzymes.

Answer

B) Enzymes act only under strictly anaerobic high-pressure settings.

Answer

C) Plastics reflect light so microbial active sites cannot bind to them.

Set 3Grade 10 : Science - Environment

Grade 10 : Science - Environment

Examination Instructions:

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Set 3Grade 10 : Science - Environment

Grade 10 : Science - Environment

Examination Instructions:

Discussion 0

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Set 3Grade 10 : Science - Environment

Grade 10 : Science - Environment

Examination Instructions:

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Set 3Grade 10 : Science - Environment

Grade 10 : Science - Environment

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Rating & Discussion Locked

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