Grade 11 : Biology - Biological Classification (Set 4)

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Grade 11 : Biology - Biological Classification (Set 4)— Questions & Detailed Solutions

Kingdom Cell Wall Composition
Monera Non-cellulosic (Polysaccharide + amino acid)
Protista Present in some groups
Fungi Chitin
Plantae Cellulose
Animalia Absent
Based on R.H. Whittaker's classification parameters shown in the table, which kingdom is correctly paired with its characteristic cell wall component?

Kingdom	Cell Wall Composition
Monera	Non-cellulosic (Polysaccharide + amino acid)
Protista	Present in some groups
Fungi	Chitin
Plantae	Cellulose
Animalia	Absent

(A)

Monera - Cellulose

(B)

Fungi - Chitin

(C)

Plantae - Chitin

(D)

Animalia - Non-cellulosic

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: In Whittaker's system, fungal cell walls are uniquely composed of chitin (a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine). Monera cell walls consist of polysaccharides and amino acids (peptidoglycan), plant walls contain cellulose, and animal cells completely lack a cell wall.

Structural Diagram Description: A microscopic filamentous cyanobacterium featuring specialized enlarged cells termed heterocysts embedded within a protective gelatinous sheath.
Which cyanobacterial organism exhibits this structural adaptation specialized for biological nitrogen fixation?

(A)

Anabaena

(B)

Euglena

(C)

Amoeba

(D)

Rhizopus

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Filamentous cyanobacteria like Anabaena and Nostoc possess specialized thick-walled cells called heterocysts dedicated to fixing atmospheric nitrogen under anaerobic conditions inside a gelatinous sheath.

Statement I: Methanogens are obligate/facultative anaerobes present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes.
Statement II: Archaebacteria survive in extreme environments due to a unique cell wall structure distinct from eubacteria.
Evaluate Statements I and II and select the correct option.

(A)

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

(B)

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

(C)

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

(D)

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Both statements are correct. Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria by possessing a distinct cell wall composition (lacking peptidoglycan) that grants tolerance to extreme conditions. Methanogens live in ruminant digestive tracts and produce methane gas.

Group Key Morphological / Ecological Feature
Group X Indestructible cell walls embedded with silica forming diatomaceous earth
Group Y Mostly marine, photosynthetic with 2 flagella; causes red tides (e.g., Gonyaulax)
Group Z Protein-rich layer called pellicle instead of a cell wall; mixotrophic
Identify Protistan groups X, Y, and Z from the table above.

Group	Key Morphological / Ecological Feature
Group X	Indestructible cell walls embedded with silica forming diatomaceous earth
Group Y	Mostly marine, photosynthetic with 2 flagella; causes red tides (e.g., Gonyaulax)
Group Z	Protein-rich layer called pellicle instead of a cell wall; mixotrophic

(A)

X = Chrysophytes, Y = Dinoflagellates, Z = Euglenoids

(B)

X = Dinoflagellates, Y = Chrysophytes, Z = Slime Moulds

(C)

X = Euglenoids, Y = Chrysophytes, Z = Dinoflagellates

(D)

X = Chrysophytes, Y = Euglenoids, Z = Protozoans

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Chrysophytes (diatoms) have silica-embedded walls forming diatomaceous earth. Dinoflagellates have two flagella and cause red tides (e.g., Gonyaulax). Euglenoids lack cell walls and possess a flexible protein layer called a pellicle.

Which of the following characteristics is TRUE regarding Mycoplasma?

(A)

They possess a rigid chitinous cell wall.

(B)

They are the smallest living cells known and completely lack a cell wall.

(C)

They are obligate autotrophs that produce oxygen.

(D)

They cannot survive in anaerobic conditions.

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell wall. They are the smallest known living cells, can survive without oxygen, and are pathogenic in many animals and plants.

Protozoan Group Locomotor Organelle Representative Example
Amoeboid Pseudopodia Entamoeba
Flagellated Flagella Trypanosoma
Ciliated Pseudopodia Paramecium
Sporozoans Infectious spore stage Plasmodium
Which row in the table contains an INCORRECT match between the Protozoan group, locomotor organelle, and example?

Protozoan Group	Locomotor Organelle	Representative Example
Amoeboid	Pseudopodia	Entamoeba
Flagellated	Flagella	Trypanosoma
Ciliated	Pseudopodia	Paramecium
Sporozoans	Infectious spore stage	Plasmodium

(A)

Amoeboid

(B)

Flagellated

(C)

Ciliated

(D)

Sporozoans

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: Ciliated protozoans (such as Paramecium) move using thousands of cilia, not pseudopodia. Pseudopodia are the locomotor structures of amoeboid protozoans.

Lifecycle Flow: Unfavourable conditions -> Plasmodium differentiates -> Forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at tips -> Spores dispersed by air currents.
What is the nature of the spore wall in the organism represented in this lifecycle (Slime Moulds)?

(A)

Spores lack any cell wall

(B)

Spores possess true cell walls resistant to adverse conditions

(C)

Spores are covered in a silica shell

(D)

Spores are surrounded by a peptidoglycan membrane

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Slime mould spores possess true cell walls made of cellulose. These walls are extremely resistant and allow spores to survive for years under adverse conditions until air currents disperse them.

Statement I: In Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, an intervening dikaryotic stage ($n + n$, i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs during sexual reproduction.
Statement II: Plasmogamy is immediately followed by karyogamy in all groups of fungi without exception.
Choose the correct assessment of the statements above.

(A)

Statement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect

(B)

Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct

(C)

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

(D)

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: In higher fungi like Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, fusion of two haploid cells does not immediately result in diploid cells ($2n$). An intervening dikaryotic phase ($n + n$) occurs. Thus, Statement I is true and Statement II is false.

A plant pathologist isolated an unknown fungal culture exhibiting septate and branched mycelium. Detailed laboratory examination revealed abundant asexual spores (conidia), but no sexual stage could be observed despite extensive testing.
To which class of Fungi should this specimen be provisionally assigned?

(A)

Phycomycetes

(B)

Ascomycetes

(C)

Basidiomycetes

(D)

Deuteromycetes

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (D)

Explanation: Deuteromycetes are commonly known as 'imperfect fungi' because only their asexual or vegetative phases are known. Once sexual stages are discovered, species are moved to Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes.

Q10

Which statement accurately compares the site of spore formation in Ascomycetes versus Basidiomycetes?

(A)

Ascospores are produced exogenously; Basidiospores are produced endogenously.

(B)

Ascospores are produced endogenously in asci; Basidiospores are produced exogenously on basidia.

(C)

Both Ascospores and Basidiospores are produced endogenously.

(D)

Both Ascospores and Basidiospores are produced exogenously.

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Ascospores are sexual spores produced endogenously within sac-like structures called asci. Basidiospores are sexual spores produced exogenously on the outer surface of club-shaped structures called basidia.

Q11

A farmer observed white crusty rust spots on the leaves of a mustard crop. Microscopic analysis of the parasitic organism revealed an aseptic, coenocytic mycelium.
Identify the causal organism and its fungal class.

(A)

Albugo candida (Phycomycetes)

(B)

Puccinia graminis (Basidiomycetes)

(C)

Ustilago nuda (Basidiomycetes)

(D)

Alternaria solani (Deuteromycetes)

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Albugo candida is an obligate parasitic fungus on mustard belonging to Phycomycetes. Phycomycetes are characterized by aseptic and coenocytic mycelium.

Q12

Statement I: Viroids were discovered by T.O. Diener in 1971 as infectious agents smaller than viruses that cause potato spindle tuber disease.
Statement II: Viroids consist of free, low molecular weight RNA and lack a protein coat.
Which of the following choices is correct regarding Viroids?

(A)

Statement I is true, Statement II is false

(B)

Statement I is false, Statement II is true

(C)

Both Statement I and Statement II are true

(D)

Both Statement I and Statement II are false

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: Both statements are true. T.O. Diener discovered viroids in 1971. They differ from viruses because they consist solely of naked single-stranded RNA of low molecular weight, devoid of a protein capsid.

Q13

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease in cattle and its analogue Cr-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans, is caused by which class of infectious agents?

(A)

Viroids

(B)

Prions

(C)

Bacteriophages

(D)

Mycoplasma

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Prions are neurological infectious agents composed of abnormally folded proteins (lacking nucleic acid). They cause BSE in cattle and Cr-Jacob disease in humans.

Q14

Lichen Partner Type Primary Ecological Role
Partner 1 Phycobiont (Algal) Photosynthesis / Synthesizes food
Partner 2 Mycobiont (Fungal) Provides shelter, absorbs water & minerals
Select the statement that correctly describes the symbiotic relationship in lichens based on the table.

Lichen Partner	Type	Primary Ecological Role
Partner 1	Phycobiont (Algal)	Photosynthesis / Synthesizes food
Partner 2	Mycobiont (Fungal)	Provides shelter, absorbs water & minerals

(A)

Mycobiont prepares food for phycobiont.

(B)

Phycobiont is autotrophic and synthesizes food; Mycobiont provides shelter and absorbs nutrients.

(C)

Phycobiont provides structural shelter and absorbs mineral nutrients.

(D)

Both partners are heterotrophic and absorb organic nutrients from soil.

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae (phycobiont) and fungi (mycobiont). The algal component is autotrophic and prepares food, while the fungal component provides protection, anchorage, and absorbs water/minerals.

Q15

Structural Diagram Description: A virus particle showing a protein coat (capsid) composed of individual units (capsomeres) surrounding a central nucleic acid core.
Which statement correctly defines the genetic composition of viruses?

(A)

A single virus particle contains both DNA and RNA simultaneously.

(B)

No virus contains both RNA and DNA; a virus is a nucleoprotein containing either RNA or DNA.

(C)

Viruses lack genetic material and consist solely of protein capsomeres.

(D)

Bacterial viruses always possess single-stranded RNA.

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat. A virus contains either RNA or DNA as its genetic material, never both.

Q16

Kingdom Cell Type Nuclear Membrane
Kingdom 1 Prokaryotic Absent
Kingdom 2 Eukaryotic Present
Kingdom 3 Eukaryotic Present
Kingdom 4 Eukaryotic Present
Kingdom 5 Eukaryotic Present
Which kingdom in R.H. Whittaker's 5 Kingdom system corresponds to Kingdom 1 (lacking a nuclear membrane)?

Kingdom	Cell Type	Nuclear Membrane
Kingdom 1	Prokaryotic	Absent
Kingdom 2	Eukaryotic	Present
Kingdom 3	Eukaryotic	Present
Kingdom 4	Eukaryotic	Present
Kingdom 5	Eukaryotic	Present

(A)

Protista

(B)

Monera

(C)

Fungi

(D)

Plantae

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Kingdom Monera is the only kingdom among the five that comprises prokaryotic organisms, which lack a defined nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles.

Q17

Early classification systems grouped bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms under 'Plantae' based solely on the presence of a cell wall, ignoring differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organizations.
Who proposed the 5 Kingdom classification system in 1969 to resolve these issues by incorporating cell structure, thallus organization, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships?

(A)

Carolus Linnaeus

(B)

R.H. Whittaker

(C)

Ernst Haeckel

(D)

Carl Woese

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed the Five Kingdom Classification (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) based on cell complexity, body organization, nutrition mode, and evolutionary relationships.

Q18

Microscopic Observation: Unicellular freshwater organism with two unequal flagella, lacking a cellulosic cell wall, possessing a flexible protein layer that allows change in body shape.
What is the name of the specialized protein-rich outer layer that grants flexibility to Euglenoids?

(A)

Capsule

(B)

Pellicle

(C)

Glycocalyx

(D)

Middle Lamella

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Euglenoids lack a cell wall; instead, they have a protein-rich layer called a pellicle located inside the plasma membrane, which makes their body flexible.

Q19

Column I (Fungal Genus) Column II (Taxonomic Class)
1. Neurospora i. Ascomycetes
2. Agaricus ii. Basidiomycetes
3. Trichoderma iii. Deuteromycetes
4. Rhizopus iv. Phycomycetes
Match Column I with Column II and select the correct option.

Column I (Fungal Genus)	Column II (Taxonomic Class)
1. Neurospora	i. Ascomycetes
2. Agaricus	ii. Basidiomycetes
3. Trichoderma	iii. Deuteromycetes
4. Rhizopus	iv. Phycomycetes

(A)

1-i, 2-ii, 3-iii, 4-iv

(B)

1-ii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-iii

(C)

1-iii, 2-iv, 3-i, 4-ii

(D)

1-iv, 2-iii, 3-ii, 4-i

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Neurospora belongs to Ascomycetes (used extensively in genetics); Agaricus (mushroom) belongs to Basidiomycetes; Trichoderma belongs to Deuteromycetes; and Rhizopus (bread mould) belongs to Phycomycetes.

Q20

Statement I: M.W. Beijerinek (1898) called the infectious extract of tobacco plants Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid).
Statement II: W.M. Stanley (1935) showed that viruses could be crystallized and that crystals consist largely of proteins.
Evaluate the historical statements regarding virology and choose the correct option.

(A)

Statement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect

(B)

Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct

(C)

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

(D)

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: Both historical statements are correct. M.W. Beijerinek demonstrated the infectious fluid nature of Tobacco Mosaic Virus calling it Contagium vivum fluidum in 1898, and W.M. Stanley crystallized TMV in 1935 demonstrating its protein composition.

grade 11biologybiological classificationwhittaker five kingdomsmonera protista fungi

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Grade 11 : Biology - Biological Classification (Set 4)

Grade 11 : Biology - Biological Classification (Set 4)— Questions & Detailed Solutions

KingdomCell Wall CompositionMoneraNon-cellulosic (Polysaccharide + amino acid)ProtistaPresent in some groupsFungiChitinPlantaeCelluloseAnimaliaAbsentBased on R.H. Whittaker's classification parameters shown in the table, which kingdom is correctly paired with its characteristic cell wall component?

Structural Diagram Description: A microscopic filamentous cyanobacterium featuring specialized enlarged cells termed heterocysts embedded within a protective gelatinous sheath.Which cyanobacterial organism exhibits this structural adaptation specialized for biological nitrogen fixation?

Which of the following characteristics is TRUE regarding Mycoplasma?

Protozoan GroupLocomotor OrganelleRepresentative ExampleAmoeboidPseudopodiaEntamoebaFlagellatedFlagellaTrypanosomaCiliatedPseudopodiaParameciumSporozoansInfectious spore stagePlasmodiumWhich row in the table contains an INCORRECT match between the Protozoan group, locomotor organelle, and example?

Lifecycle Flow: Unfavourable conditions -> Plasmodium differentiates -> Forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at tips -> Spores dispersed by air currents.What is the nature of the spore wall in the organism represented in this lifecycle (Slime Moulds)?

Which statement accurately compares the site of spore formation in Ascomycetes versus Basidiomycetes?

A farmer observed white crusty rust spots on the leaves of a mustard crop. Microscopic analysis of the parasitic organism revealed an aseptic, coenocytic mycelium.Identify the causal organism and its fungal class.

Statement I: Viroids were discovered by T.O. Diener in 1971 as infectious agents smaller than viruses that cause potato spindle tuber disease.Statement II: Viroids consist of free, low molecular weight RNA and lack a protein coat.Which of the following choices is correct regarding Viroids?

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease in cattle and its analogue Cr-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans, is caused by which class of infectious agents?

Lichen PartnerTypePrimary Ecological RolePartner 1Phycobiont (Algal)Photosynthesis / Synthesizes foodPartner 2Mycobiont (Fungal)Provides shelter, absorbs water & mineralsSelect the statement that correctly describes the symbiotic relationship in lichens based on the table.

Structural Diagram Description: A virus particle showing a protein coat (capsid) composed of individual units (capsomeres) surrounding a central nucleic acid core.Which statement correctly defines the genetic composition of viruses?

KingdomCell TypeNuclear MembraneKingdom 1ProkaryoticAbsentKingdom 2EukaryoticPresentKingdom 3EukaryoticPresentKingdom 4EukaryoticPresentKingdom 5EukaryoticPresentWhich kingdom in R.H. Whittaker's 5 Kingdom system corresponds to Kingdom 1 (lacking a nuclear membrane)?

Microscopic Observation: Unicellular freshwater organism with two unequal flagella, lacking a cellulosic cell wall, possessing a flexible protein layer that allows change in body shape.What is the name of the specialized protein-rich outer layer that grants flexibility to Euglenoids?

Column I (Fungal Genus)Column II (Taxonomic Class)1. Neurosporai. Ascomycetes2. Agaricusii. Basidiomycetes3. Trichodermaiii. Deuteromycetes4. Rhizopusiv. PhycomycetesMatch Column I with Column II and select the correct option.

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Structural Diagram Description: A microscopic filamentous cyanobacterium featuring specialized enlarged cells termed heterocysts embedded within a protective gelatinous sheath.
Which cyanobacterial organism exhibits this structural adaptation specialized for biological nitrogen fixation?

Lifecycle Flow: Unfavourable conditions -> Plasmodium differentiates -> Forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at tips -> Spores dispersed by air currents.
What is the nature of the spore wall in the organism represented in this lifecycle (Slime Moulds)?

A farmer observed white crusty rust spots on the leaves of a mustard crop. Microscopic analysis of the parasitic organism revealed an aseptic, coenocytic mycelium.
Identify the causal organism and its fungal class.

Statement I: Viroids were discovered by T.O. Diener in 1971 as infectious agents smaller than viruses that cause potato spindle tuber disease.
Statement II: Viroids consist of free, low molecular weight RNA and lack a protein coat.
Which of the following choices is correct regarding Viroids?

Lichen Partner Type Primary Ecological Role
Partner 1 Phycobiont (Algal) Photosynthesis / Synthesizes food
Partner 2 Mycobiont (Fungal) Provides shelter, absorbs water & minerals
Select the statement that correctly describes the symbiotic relationship in lichens based on the table.

Structural Diagram Description: A virus particle showing a protein coat (capsid) composed of individual units (capsomeres) surrounding a central nucleic acid core.
Which statement correctly defines the genetic composition of viruses?

Kingdom Cell Type Nuclear Membrane
Kingdom 1 Prokaryotic Absent
Kingdom 2 Eukaryotic Present
Kingdom 3 Eukaryotic Present
Kingdom 4 Eukaryotic Present
Kingdom 5 Eukaryotic Present
Which kingdom in R.H. Whittaker's 5 Kingdom system corresponds to Kingdom 1 (lacking a nuclear membrane)?

Microscopic Observation: Unicellular freshwater organism with two unequal flagella, lacking a cellulosic cell wall, possessing a flexible protein layer that allows change in body shape.
What is the name of the specialized protein-rich outer layer that grants flexibility to Euglenoids?

Column I (Fungal Genus) Column II (Taxonomic Class)
1. Neurospora i. Ascomycetes
2. Agaricus ii. Basidiomycetes
3. Trichoderma iii. Deuteromycetes
4. Rhizopus iv. Phycomycetes
Match Column I with Column II and select the correct option.