Grade 11 : Biology - Living World (Set 1)

Explanation: Non-living objects like mountains, sand mounds, and snow boulders grow extrinsically by the deposition and accumulation of matter on their outer surface. Living organisms, in contrast, exhibit intrinsic growth from within.

Explanation: Metabolism is the total sum of all metabolic chemical reactions (both synthetic anabolic processes and breakdown catabolic processes) taking place inside a living organism.

Explanation: Metabolism occurs in all living organisms without exception. Since no non-living object demonstrates cellular metabolic reactions, metabolism is a defining feature of life.

Explanation: While no non-living object can reproduce, several living organisms (e.g., mules, sterile worker bees, infertile couples) do not reproduce, making reproduction a non-defining characteristic.

Explanation: Consciousness—the ability to perceive external environmental stimuli and generate a biological response—is present in all living organisms and is a defining feature of life.

Explanation: Human beings are the only living organisms that possess self-consciousness, meaning they are aware of themselves beyond simple environmental responsiveness.

Explanation: The estimated biodiversity of currently cataloged and described living species ranges between 1.7 and 1.8 million ($1.7 - 1.8 \text{ million}$).

Explanation: ICBN stands for International Code for Botanical Nomenclature, which provides standardized principles and criteria for naming plants.

Explanation: Binomial nomenclature assigns every organism a two-part scientific name: the first word is the Generic name (genus) and the second word is the Specific epithet (species).

Explanation: Rule D is incorrect: the specific epithet must always start with a small letter (e.g., *Mangifera indica*, not *Mangifera Indica*).

Explanation: The abbreviation 'L.' placed after the specific epithet indicates that the species was first described by Carolus Linnaeus.

Explanation: Systematics takes into account evolutionary relationships (phylogenetic trends) among organisms along with identification, classification, and nomenclature.

Explanation: In ascending order (from lowest to highest rank): Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum (or Division) → Kingdom.

Explanation: Species is the basic fundamental unit of biological classification consisting of organisms with shared traits capable of interbreeding.

Explanation: All three plant species share common structural characteristics and belong to the same genus, Solanum.

Explanation: Families are categorized on the basis of both vegetative (leaves, stems) and reproductive (floral structure) characteristics of plant species.

Explanation: Both Panthera and Felis share cat-like morphological traits and are grouped under the family Felidae.

Explanation: A herbarium is a taxonomical repository containing dried, pressed, and preserved plant specimens mounted on standard sheets.

Explanation: The famous Royal Botanical Garden is situated at Kew (London), England. The Indian Botanical Garden is located at Howrah, India.

Explanation: A taxonomical key uses a set of contrasting characters called a couplet. Each statement within the couplet is referred to as a lead.