Grade 11 : Biology - Living World (Set 4)

Explanation: According to standard taxonomic classification, the housefly (Musca domestica) belongs to the order Diptera (and family Muscidae), while mango (Mangifera indica) belongs to the order Sapindales (and family Anacardiaceae).

Explanation: Statement I is correct because cell division leads to both growth and increase in population in single-celled organisms. Statement II is correct because metabolism and cellular organization occur in all living things without exception. Statement III is false because non-living objects show extrinsic growth (material addition on the outer surface), whereas intrinsic growth is exclusive to living organisms.

Explanation: A herbarium is a repository of dried, pressed, and preserved plant specimens mounted on sheets. Herbarium sheets carry detailed labels and serve as a quick referral system in taxonomic studies.

Explanation: The hierarchy of taxonomic categories in ascending order starts from the lowest rank (Species) to the highest rank (Kingdom): Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum/Division → Kingdom.

Explanation: According to binomial nomenclature: 1. Genus name starts with a capital letter (Mangifera). 2. Specific epithet starts with a small letter (indica). 3. Both are printed in italics. 4. Author name (Linn.) is written after the specific epithet in roman type without italics.

Explanation: A monograph is a comprehensive written account that provides detailed information on any single taxon (e.g., a monograph on Genus Solanum or Family Solanaceae).

Explanation: Keys are based on contrasting statements in pairs called couplets, and each single statement is called a lead. Statement III is false because separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category (family, genus, species) for identification purposes.

Explanation: Herbarium labels record: Date of collection, Place of collection, English, local and botanical names, Family, and Collector's name. Physical dynamic properties like exact height and biomass are not recorded on the label.

Explanation: Wheat (Triticum aestivum) belongs to Division Angiospermae, Class Monocotyledonae, Order Poales, and Family Poaceae.

Explanation: The National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) is located in Lucknow, India. The Indian Botanical Garden is in Howrah, India, and the Royal Botanical Garden is in Kew, England.

Explanation: Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro are not living organisms (since cellular organisation is absent), but they are undeniably living reactions because they mirror metabolic processes occurring inside living cells.

Explanation: A defining feature must be present in ALL living organisms without exception and absent in non-living things. Since several living organisms like mules, sterile worker bees, and infertile human couples do not reproduce, reproduction cannot be an all-inclusive defining feature of life.

Explanation: A Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera. Solanum tuberosum, S. melongena, and S. nigrum share essential vegetative and floral morphological characters.

Explanation: Insect specimens are preserved in insect boxes after collecting, killing, and pinning them. Larger animals like mammals and birds are usually stuffed and preserved (taxidermy).

Explanation: Systematics (derived from Latin 'systema') takes into account evolutionary relationships (phylogenetic history) between organisms alongside identification, nomenclature, and classification.

Explanation: Lower the taxon (e.g., Species), higher is the number of common characteristics shared by members. As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics decreases while general similarities broadens.

Explanation: Both expanded acronyms are correct: ICBN = International Code for Botanical Nomenclature; ICZN = International Code for Zoological Nomenclature.

Explanation: Flora contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area. It provides the index to the plant species found in a particular area.

Explanation: Muscidae is the Family of the housefly (Musca domestica). Its Order is Diptera, Class is Insecta, and Phylum is Arthropoda.

Explanation: Consciousness—the ability of organisms to sense their surrounding environment and respond to environmental stimuli—is the most technically complicated and absolute defining property of all living organisms.