Grade 11 : Biology - Morphology of Plants (Set 3)

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Grade 11 : Biology - Morphology of Plants (Set 3)— Questions & Detailed Solutions

Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots found in plants growing in swampy or marshy areas. Which of the following plants develops pneumatophores that grow vertically upwards out of the soil for oxygen uptake?

(A)

Banyan tree

(B)

Rhizophora

(C)

Maize

(D)

Turnip

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Rhizophora grows in swampy areas where soil aeration is extremely low. Roots grow vertically upwards (negatively geotropic) called pneumatophores to get oxygen for respiration.

Consider the functional zones of a growing root tip: (I) Root cap, (II) Region of meristematic activity, (III) Region of elongation, and (IV) Region of maturation. From which specific region do root hairs arise as fine epidermal extensions?

(A)

Region of meristematic activity

(B)

Region of elongation

(C)

Region of maturation

(D)

Root cap

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: Epidermal cells from the region of maturation differentiate and form delicate, thread-like structures called root hairs, which absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Stem tendrils are slender, spirally coiled structures that help weak-stemmed plants climb. Morphologically, stem tendrils develop from which of the following plant structures?

(A)

Terminal bud only

(B)

Axillary bud

(C)

Leaf apex

(D)

Stipules

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Axillary buds present in the axil of leaves may get modified into slender, spirally coiled stem tendrils (e.g., in gourds and grapevines) to aid climbing.

Underground stems can be distinguished from underground roots because stems possess nodes, internodes, and scale leaves. In which of the following plants is the underground stem modified into a short, swollen vertical corm?

(A)

Zingiber officinale (Ginger)

(B)

Solanum tuberosum (Potato)

(C)

Colocasia

(D)

Allium cepa (Onion)

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: Colocasia and Zaminkand store food in compressed, vertically growing fleshy underground stems called corms. Ginger is a rhizome, potato is a tuber, and onion is a bulb.

In Australian Acacia, the lamina is short-lived or absent, and the petiole expands, becomes flattened, turns green, and performs photosynthesis. What is this modified photosynthetic petiole called?

(A)

Cladode

(B)

Phyllode

(C)

Phylloclade

(D)

Staminode

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: A modified green, flattened petiole carrying out photosynthesis is termed a phyllode (e.g., Australian Acacia). A modified stem doing the same is a phylloclade.

Leaf arrangement classifications:
• Alternate: Single leaf at each node
• Opposite: Pair of leaves at each node
• Whorled: More than two leaves arising at a single node
Which of the following plants demonstrates whorled phyllotaxy?

(A)

Mustard

(B)

Sunflower

(C)

Alstonia

(D)

Guava

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: In Alstonia, more than two leaves arise at each node to form a whorl (whorled phyllotaxy). Mustard and sunflower show alternate, whereas guava shows opposite phyllotaxy.

In racemose inflorescence, how are individual flowers positioned along the main peduncle (floral axis)?

(A)

Basipetal order with limited axis growth

(B)

Acropetal order with continuous axis growth

(C)

Centripetal order with terminal flower formation

(D)

Solitary terminal arrangement on a non-branching stem

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow continuously, and flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession (older flowers at the base, younger at the apex).

Flowers that can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane are called zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry). Which of the following flowers is zygomorphic?

(A)

Mustard

(B)

Datura

(C)

Chilli

(D)

Gulmohur

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (D)

Explanation: Gulmohur, Pea, Bean, and Cassia produce zygomorphic flowers. Mustard, Datura, and Chilli produce actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) flowers.

When the margin of the thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary half-way and other floral parts arise on the rim of the thalamus, the ovary is half-inferior. Which pair of plants exhibits perigynous flowers?

(A)

Mustard and Brinjal

(B)

Plum and Rose

(C)

Guava and Cucumber

(D)

China rose and Petunia

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Plum, rose, and peach have perigynous flowers with a half-inferior ovary. Mustard and China rose are hypogynous, while guava and cucumber are epigynous.

Q10

Corolla Structure: Five petals comprising one large posterior standard petal, two lateral wings, and two smallest anterior fused petals forming a keel.
What type of petal aestivation is represented by this characteristic papilionaceous arrangement?

(A)

Valvate

(B)

Twisted

(C)

Imbricate

(D)

Vexillary

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (D)

Explanation: Vexillary (or papilionaceous) aestivation is characteristic of Fabaceae, where a standard petal overlaps two wing petals, which in turn overlap two keel petals.

Q11

When stamens in a flower are united into a single bundle or single staminal tube while anthers remain free, the androecium is described as monadelphous. In which of the following plants is this condition observed?

(A)

China rose

(B)

Pea

(C)

Citrus

(D)

Mustard

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Monadelphous stamens are united into one bundle (e.g., China rose). Pea stamens are diadelphous (9+1), Citrus stamens are polyadelphous (many bundles).

Q12

In Dianthus and Primrose, ovules are borne directly on the central axis of a unilocular ovary without any internal dividing septa. What type of placentation does this represent?

(A)

Marginal placentation

(B)

Axile placentation

(C)

Free central placentation

(D)

Parietal placentation

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: When septa are absent and ovules develop on the central column of a unilocular ovary, the placentation is called free central (e.g., Dianthus, Primrose).

Q13

In parietal placentation, ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary. In which of the following plants does a false septum (replum) develop inside the unilocular ovary to make it appear bilocular?

(A)

Mustard and Argemone

(B)

Sunflower and Marigold

(C)

Tomato and Lemon

(D)

Pea and Bean

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Mustard and Argemone display parietal placentation where the ovary becomes two-chambered due to the formation of a false septum known as replum.

Q14

Mango and coconut are simple fleshy fruits called drupes developing from monocarpellary superior ovaries. Which pericarp layers differentiate the fleshy edible part in mango and the fibrous layer in coconut?

(A)

Epicarp in mango; Endocarp in coconut

(B)

Mesocarp in mango; Mesocarp is fibrous in coconut

(C)

Endocarp in mango; Seed coat in coconut

(D)

Mesocarp in mango; Epicarp is fibrous in coconut

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: In mango, the middle fleshy layer (mesocarp) is edible. In coconut (also a drupe), the mesocarp is fibrous and husk-like while endosperm forms the edible part.

Q15

In monocotyledonous seeds such as maize, the single large, shield-shaped cotyledon situated towards one side of the embryonal axis is known as what?

(A)

Coleoptile

(B)

Coleorhiza

(C)

Scutellum

(D)

Aleurone layer

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: The single shield-shaped cotyledon of monocots (like grass and maize seeds) is called the scutellum. Coleoptile and coleorhiza are protective sheaths of plumule and radicle.

Q16

Statement I: Members of family Liliaceae possess a perianth composed of 6 tepals arranged in two whorls (3+3), often united into a tube.
Statement II: The gynoecium in Liliaceae is tricarpellary, syncarpous with a superior, trilocular ovary having axile placentation.
Evaluate Statements I and II and select the correct option:

(A)

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

(B)

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

(C)

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

(D)

Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: Both statements accurately describe the characteristic monocot family Liliaceae (e.g., Tulip, Aloe, Asparagus): P(3+3) perianth and G(3) tricarpellary syncarpous axile ovary.

Q17

A sub-aerial stem modification consists of a lateral branch with short internodes where every node bears a rosette of leaves and a tuft of adventitious roots, typically found in aquatic plants.
Which of the following aquatic plants demonstrates this offset stem modification?

(A)

Pistia

(B)

Chrysanthemum

(C)

Mint

(D)

Strawberry

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: An offset is a one-internode long runner found in aquatic rosettes like Pistia and Eichhornia (Water Hyacinth). Chrysanthemum and Mint produce suckers.

Q18

A botanical specimen exhibits a persistent, persistent calyx, epipetalous stamens attached to a funnel-shaped corolla, and a bicarpellary syncarpous ovary with an obliquely placed swollen placenta. To which plant family does it belong?

(A)

Fabaceae

(B)

Solanaceae

(C)

Liliaceae

(D)

Brassicaceae

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (B)

Explanation: Solanaceae (Potato family) is characterized by persistent calyx (e.g., brinjal), epipetalous stamens, and a swollen oblique placenta with axile placentation.

Q19

Which of the following floral formulas correctly represents the structural characters of the family Fabaceae?

(A)

% ⚥ K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1

(B)

⊕ ⚥ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2)

(C)

Br ⊕ ⚥ P(3+3) A3+3 G(3)

(D)

⊕ ⚥ K2+2 C4 A2+4 G(2)

(E)

⊕ ⚥ K(5) C1+2+2 A10 G1

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (A)

Explanation: Fabaceae formula is zygomorphic (%), bisexual, calyx 5 united K(5), corolla vexillary C1+2+(2), diadelphous stamens A(9)+1, and superior monocarpellary ovary G1.

Q20

Adventitious roots are roots that develop from parts of the plant other than the radicle of the embryo. Which of the following is NOT an adventitious root structure?

(A)

Prop roots of Banyan tree

(B)

Stilt roots arising from lower nodes of Maize

(C)

Primary tap root of Carrot

(D)

Foliar roots growing from leaf margins of Bryophyllum

View Correct Answer & Detailed Solution

✓ Correct Option: (C)

Explanation: The primary tap root of carrot develops directly from the radicle of the seed embryo, making it a tap root system, whereas prop, stilt, and foliar roots develop from non-radicle tissues.

Grade 11 : Biology - Morphology of Plants (Set 3)

Grade 11 : Biology - Morphology of Plants (Set 3)— Questions & Detailed Solutions

Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots found in plants growing in swampy or marshy areas. Which of the following plants develops pneumatophores that grow vertically upwards out of the soil for oxygen uptake?

Consider the functional zones of a growing root tip: (I) Root cap, (II) Region of meristematic activity, (III) Region of elongation, and (IV) Region of maturation. From which specific region do root hairs arise as fine epidermal extensions?

Stem tendrils are slender, spirally coiled structures that help weak-stemmed plants climb. Morphologically, stem tendrils develop from which of the following plant structures?

Underground stems can be distinguished from underground roots because stems possess nodes, internodes, and scale leaves. In which of the following plants is the underground stem modified into a short, swollen vertical corm?

In Australian Acacia, the lamina is short-lived or absent, and the petiole expands, becomes flattened, turns green, and performs photosynthesis. What is this modified photosynthetic petiole called?

Leaf arrangement classifications:
• Alternate: Single leaf at each node
• Opposite: Pair of leaves at each node
• Whorled: More than two leaves arising at a single node
Which of the following plants demonstrates whorled phyllotaxy?

In racemose inflorescence, how are individual flowers positioned along the main peduncle (floral axis)?

Flowers that can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane are called zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry). Which of the following flowers is zygomorphic?

When the margin of the thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary half-way and other floral parts arise on the rim of the thalamus, the ovary is half-inferior. Which pair of plants exhibits perigynous flowers?

Corolla Structure: Five petals comprising one large posterior standard petal, two lateral wings, and two smallest anterior fused petals forming a keel.
What type of petal aestivation is represented by this characteristic papilionaceous arrangement?

When stamens in a flower are united into a single bundle or single staminal tube while anthers remain free, the androecium is described as monadelphous. In which of the following plants is this condition observed?

In Dianthus and Primrose, ovules are borne directly on the central axis of a unilocular ovary without any internal dividing septa. What type of placentation does this represent?

In parietal placentation, ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary. In which of the following plants does a false septum (replum) develop inside the unilocular ovary to make it appear bilocular?

Mango and coconut are simple fleshy fruits called drupes developing from monocarpellary superior ovaries. Which pericarp layers differentiate the fleshy edible part in mango and the fibrous layer in coconut?

In monocotyledonous seeds such as maize, the single large, shield-shaped cotyledon situated towards one side of the embryonal axis is known as what?

A sub-aerial stem modification consists of a lateral branch with short internodes where every node bears a rosette of leaves and a tuft of adventitious roots, typically found in aquatic plants.
Which of the following aquatic plants demonstrates this offset stem modification?

A botanical specimen exhibits a persistent, persistent calyx, epipetalous stamens attached to a funnel-shaped corolla, and a bicarpellary syncarpous ovary with an obliquely placed swollen placenta. To which plant family does it belong?

Which of the following floral formulas correctly represents the structural characters of the family Fabaceae?

Adventitious roots are roots that develop from parts of the plant other than the radicle of the embryo. Which of the following is NOT an adventitious root structure?

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Grade 11 : Biology - Morphology of Plants (Set 3)

Grade 11 : Biology - Morphology of Plants (Set 3)— Questions & Detailed Solutions

Pneumatophores are specialized respiratory roots found in plants growing in swampy or marshy areas. Which of the following plants develops pneumatophores that grow vertically upwards out of the soil for oxygen uptake?

Consider the functional zones of a growing root tip: (I) Root cap, (II) Region of meristematic activity, (III) Region of elongation, and (IV) Region of maturation. From which specific region do root hairs arise as fine epidermal extensions?

Stem tendrils are slender, spirally coiled structures that help weak-stemmed plants climb. Morphologically, stem tendrils develop from which of the following plant structures?

Underground stems can be distinguished from underground roots because stems possess nodes, internodes, and scale leaves. In which of the following plants is the underground stem modified into a short, swollen vertical corm?

In Australian Acacia, the lamina is short-lived or absent, and the petiole expands, becomes flattened, turns green, and performs photosynthesis. What is this modified photosynthetic petiole called?

Leaf arrangement classifications:• Alternate: Single leaf at each node• Opposite: Pair of leaves at each node• Whorled: More than two leaves arising at a single nodeWhich of the following plants demonstrates whorled phyllotaxy?

In racemose inflorescence, how are individual flowers positioned along the main peduncle (floral axis)?

Flowers that can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane are called zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry). Which of the following flowers is zygomorphic?

When the margin of the thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary half-way and other floral parts arise on the rim of the thalamus, the ovary is half-inferior. Which pair of plants exhibits perigynous flowers?

Corolla Structure: Five petals comprising one large posterior standard petal, two lateral wings, and two smallest anterior fused petals forming a keel.What type of petal aestivation is represented by this characteristic papilionaceous arrangement?

When stamens in a flower are united into a single bundle or single staminal tube while anthers remain free, the androecium is described as monadelphous. In which of the following plants is this condition observed?

In Dianthus and Primrose, ovules are borne directly on the central axis of a unilocular ovary without any internal dividing septa. What type of placentation does this represent?

In parietal placentation, ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary. In which of the following plants does a false septum (replum) develop inside the unilocular ovary to make it appear bilocular?

Mango and coconut are simple fleshy fruits called drupes developing from monocarpellary superior ovaries. Which pericarp layers differentiate the fleshy edible part in mango and the fibrous layer in coconut?

In monocotyledonous seeds such as maize, the single large, shield-shaped cotyledon situated towards one side of the embryonal axis is known as what?

A sub-aerial stem modification consists of a lateral branch with short internodes where every node bears a rosette of leaves and a tuft of adventitious roots, typically found in aquatic plants.Which of the following aquatic plants demonstrates this offset stem modification?

A botanical specimen exhibits a persistent, persistent calyx, epipetalous stamens attached to a funnel-shaped corolla, and a bicarpellary syncarpous ovary with an obliquely placed swollen placenta. To which plant family does it belong?

Which of the following floral formulas correctly represents the structural characters of the family Fabaceae?

Adventitious roots are roots that develop from parts of the plant other than the radicle of the embryo. Which of the following is NOT an adventitious root structure?

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Leaf arrangement classifications:
• Alternate: Single leaf at each node
• Opposite: Pair of leaves at each node
• Whorled: More than two leaves arising at a single node
Which of the following plants demonstrates whorled phyllotaxy?

Corolla Structure: Five petals comprising one large posterior standard petal, two lateral wings, and two smallest anterior fused petals forming a keel.
What type of petal aestivation is represented by this characteristic papilionaceous arrangement?

A sub-aerial stem modification consists of a lateral branch with short internodes where every node bears a rosette of leaves and a tuft of adventitious roots, typically found in aquatic plants.
Which of the following aquatic plants demonstrates this offset stem modification?